by John Knouse

This is an outline of the world's political divisions, organized by 1) continent; 2) area of continent if relevant; 3) nation; 4) national subdivision (province, state, department); 5) further subdivisions if they exist.

EUROPE

Europe Index

Scandinavia-----British Isles----- West-Central
Mediterranean & South Atlantic: Not Yet On-Line-----Eastern Europe: Not Yet On-Line
Balkan Peninsula: Not Yet On-Line-----Russian Federation (including part of Asia): Not Yet On-Line

Albania --- Andorra --- Austria --- Belgium --- Belorus
Bosnia --- Bulgaria --- Byelorus --- Croatia --- Czech Republic
Danmark --- Deutschland --- Eesti --- Eire --- England
España --- Estonia --- Finland --- France --- Germany
Gibralter --- Great Britain --- Cyprus --- Greece --- Hellas
Hercegovina --- Holy See --- Hungary --- Iceland --- Ireland
Island --- Italia --- Kupros --- Latvia --- Latviya
Liechtenstein --- Lithuania --- Luxembourg --- Macedonia --- Magyarorszaca
Makedonia --- Malta --- Monaco --- Moldova --- Montenegro
Nederlands --- Norge --- Norway --- Osterreich --- Poland
Polska --- Portugal --- Rumania --- Russia --- San Marino
Schweiz --- Scotland --- Serbia --- Shquiperi --- Slovakia
Slovenia --- Spain --- Suiss --- Suomi --- Sverige
Sweden --- Switzerland --- Ukraine --- Vatican City --- Wales --- Yugoslavia

These are the northernmost European countries (except for Russia), all with extensive coasts, and ethnically of Nordic derivation except for Suomi.

ISLAND

Official Name: Lýdhveldidh Ísland

English Language Name: Iceland

Origin of Name: Land of Ice

Pronunciation: ICE - lahnd; the d is hard, almost a t

Country Code: IS

Capital: Reykjavik

Origin of Capital Name: Icelandic for "Bay of Smokes"

Official Language: Icelandic

Telephone Country Code: 354

Divisions

1. Asturland (Easternland): Egilsstadt
   1. Austur-Skaftafellssysla
   2. Nordhur-Mulasysla
   3. Sudhur-Mulasysla
2. Nordhurland Eystra (East Northernland): Akureyri
   1. Eyjafjardharsysla
   2. Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla
   3. Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla
3. Nordhurland Vestra (West Northernland): Saudhárkrókur
   1. Austur-Hunavatnssysla
   2. Skagafjardharsysla
   3. Vestur-Hunavatnssysla
4. Reykjanes: Keflavik
   1. Gallbringusysla
   2. Kjosarsysla
5. Reykjavik: Reykjavik
6. Vesturdir: Isafjördhur
   1. Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla
   2. Hornstrandir
   3. Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla
   4. Strandasysla
   5. Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla
   6. Vestur-Isafjardharsysla
7. Vesturland (Westernland): Borgarnes
   1. Borgarfjardharsysla
   2. Dalasysla
   3. Myrasysla
   4. Borgarfjardharsysla

NORGE

English Language Name: Norway

Origin of Name: Norwegian, meaning "Land of the Nordic People"

Pronunciation: NOR - ghay

Country Code: NO

Capital: Oslo

Origin of Capital Name: Formerly Oslo c. 1050 - 1624; Christiana, 1624 - 1877; Kristiana 1877 - 1924; Oslo again since 1924

Official Language: Norwegian

Telephone Country Code: 47

---

Cities:

1. Bergen (also Capital of Hordaland)
2. Oslo (also Capital of Akershus and of nation)

Fylker:

Southern:
1. Akershus: Oslo
2. Aust-Agder ("East Agder"): Arendal
3. Buskerud: Drammen
4. Hedmark: Hamar
5. Oppland: Lillehammer
6. Østfold: Moss
7. Telemark: Skien
8. Vest-Agder ("West Agder"): Kristiansand
9. Vestfold: Tønsberg
Western
10. Hordaland: Bergen
11. Møre og Romsdal: Molde
12. Nord-Trøndelag: Steinkjer
13. Rogaland: Stavanger
14. Sogn og Fjordane: Hermansverk
15. Sør-Trøndelag: Trondheim
Northern
16. Finnmark: Vadsø
17. Nordland: Bodø
18. Troms: Tromsø

SVERIGE

English Language Name: Sweden

Pronunciation: SWER - yay

Country Code: SE

Capital: Stockholm

Language: Swedish

Telephone Country Code: 46

Gotland
1. Gotland
Götaland
2. Blekinge
3. Bohuslän (Göteborg och Bohus)
4. Dalsland (Älvsborg)
5. Halland
6. Östergötland
7. Sk229ne (Kristianstad, Malmöhus)
8. Småland & Öland (Jönköping, Kronoberg, Kalmar)
9. Västergötland (Skaraborg)
Svealand
10. Dalarna (Dalecarlia/Koppaberg)
11. Närke (Örebro)
12. Södermanland
13. Uppland (Uppsala, Stockholm)
14. Värmland
15. Västmanland
Norrland
16. Ångermanland, Medelpad (Västernorrland)
17. Hälsingland, Gästrikland (Gävleborg)
18. Jämtland, Härjedalen
19. Lappland, Norrbotten
20. Lappland, Västerbotten

SUOMI

English Language Name: Finland

Pronunciation: ShOO - oh - mee; the initial s is between an s and sh, but more towards an s

Country Code: FI

Capital: Helsinki

Origin of Capital Name:

Languages: Finnish and Swedish

Telephone Country Code: 358

Provinces:

1. Ahvenanmaa (&3197land): Mariehamn
2. Häme: Hämeenlinna
3. Keski-Suomi: Jyväskylä
4. Kuopio: Kuopio
5. Kymi: Kuovola
6. Lappi: Rovaniemi
7. Mikkeli: Mikkeli
8. Oulu: Oulu
9. Pohjois-Karjala: Joensuu
10. Turku Ja Pori: Turku
11. Uusimaa: Helsinki
12. Vaasa: Vaasa

DANMARK

English Language Name: Denmark

Pronunciation: DAHN - mark

Country Code: DK

Capital: Köbnhavn (Copenhagen)

Language: Danish

Telephone Country Code: 45

Divisions:

1. Aabenraa
2. Aalborg
3. Aarhus
4. Fredericksborg
5. Haderslev
6. Hjorring
7. Holbek
8. Kobnhavn
9. Maribo Lolland
10. Odense
11. Praesto
12. Randers
13. Ribe
14. Ringdobing
15. Söndersg
16. Soro
17. Svendborg
18. Tönder
19. Tristed
20. Veile
21. Viborg

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN

Origin of Name: From the union of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Wales; "Britain" is after the Britons; also called by its Latin name, "Brittania"

Country Code: UK

Capital: London

Origin of Capital Name: From the original Latin name, Londinium

Language: English, with Welsh important in Wales and Irish important in Ireland, still some Gaelic speakers in Scotland

Telephone Country Code: 44

ENGLAND:

Capital: London

1. City of London

   Inner Boroughs (proceeding clockwise):

   Westminster

   Camden

   Islington

   Hackney

   Tower Hamlets

   Greenwich

   Lewisham

   Southwark

   Lambeth

   Wardsworth

   Hammersmith

   Kensington & Chelsea

   Outer Boroughs (alphabetically):

   Barking

   Barnet

   Bexley

   Brent

   Bromley

   Croyden

   Ealing

   Enfield

   Haringey

   Harrow

   Havering

   Hounslow

   Hillingdon

   Kingston upon Thames

   Merton

   Newham

   Richmond Upon Thames

   Redbridge

   Sutton

   Wathan Forest

Counties:

1. Avon
2. Bedfordshire
3. Berkshire
4. Buckinghamshire
5. Cambridgeshire
6. Cheshire
7. Cornwall
8. Derbyshire
9. Devon
10. Dorset
11. Durham
12. East Sussex
13. Essex
14. Gloucestershire
15. Hampshire
16. Hereford & Worcester
17. Hertfordshire
18. Humberside
19. Isle of Wight
20. Kent
21. Lancashire
22. Leicestershire
23. Lincolnshire
24. Norfolk
25. Northamptonshire
26. Northumberland
27. North Yorkshire
28. Nottinghamshire
29. Oxfordshire
30. Shropshire
31. Somerset
32. South Yorkshire
33. Staffordshire
34. Suffolk
35. Surrey
36. Warwickshire
37. West Midlands
38. West Sussex
39. Wiltshire

---

SCOTLAND (Scotia)

Capital:

1. Borders
2. Central
3. Dumfrie
4. Fife
5. Galloway
6. Grampian
7. Highland
8. Orkney
9. Shetland
10. Strathclyde
11. Tayside
12. Western Isles

---

WALES

Capital:

1. Clwyd
2. Dyfed
3. Gwent
4. Gwynedd
5. Mid Glamorgan
6. Powys
7. South Glamorgan
8. West Glamorgan

---

NORTHERN IRELAND

Capital: Belfast

1. Armach
2. Down
3. Fermanach
4. Londonderry
5. Antrim
6. Tyrone

EIRE

English Language Name: Ireland

Origin of Name:

Country Code: IE

Capital: Dublin; Irish

Origin of Capital Name: Baile Atha Cliath

Note: Irish place names are spelled based on Roman spelling, in which the letter C always stood for the sound of K.

Telephone Country Code: 353

Provinces and Counties:

1. Leinster (province); Irish Name: Laighean
   1. Carlow; Irish Name: Ceatharlach
   2. Dublin; Irish Name: Baile Atha Cliath
   3. Kildare; Irish Name: Cill Dara
   4. Kilkenny; Irish Name: Cill Chainnigh
   5. Laois; Irish Name: Laois
   6. Longford; Irish Name: An Longfort
   7. Louth; Irish Name: Lu
   8. Meath; Irish Name: An Mhi
   9. Offaly; Irish Name: Uibh Fhaili
   10. Westmeath; Irish Name: An Iarmhi
   11. Wexford; Irish Name: Loch Garman
   12. Wicklow; Irish Name: Cill Mhantain
2. Munster; Irish Name: Mumhan
   1. Clare; Irish Name: An Clar
   2. Cork; Irish Name: Corcaigh
   3. Kerry; irish Name: Ciarrai
   4. Limerick; Irish Name: Luimneach
   5. Tiperary; Irish Name: Tiobraid Arann
   6. Waterford; Irish Name: Port Lairge
3. Connaught; Irish Name: Chonnacht
   1. Galway; Irish Name: Gaillimh
   2. Leitrim; Irish Name: Liatroim
   3. Mayo; Irish Name: Maigh
   4. Roscommon; Irish Name: Ros Comain
   5. Sligo; Irish Name: Sligeach
4. Ulster; Irish Name: Ulaidh
   1. **Antrim; Irish Name: ; County seat: Ballymena
   2. **Armagh; Irish Name: Ard Mhacha
   3. Cavan; Irish Name: An Cabhan
   4. Donegal; Irish Name:
   5. **Down; Irish Name: An Dun
   6. **Fermanagh; Irish Name: Fear Manach; County seat: Enniskillen
   7. **Londonderry; Irish Name: Derry; County seat: Londonderry
   8. Monaghan; Irish Name: Muineachan; County seat: Monaghan
   9. **Tyrone; Irish Name: Tir Eoghain; County seat: Omagh

NEDERLAND

English Language Name: Netherlands

Origin of Name: Lower Lands, Holland

Pronunciation: NEH - der - lahnd

Country Code: NL

Capital: Amsterdam

Origin of Capital Name:

Language: Dutch

Telephone Country Code: 31

Divisions

1. Friesland
2. Noord Brabant (North Brabant)
3. Noord Holland (North Holland)
4. Utrecht
5. Zuid Holland (South Holland)

BELGIQUE/BELGI

English Language Name: Belgium

Pronunciation: bel - ZHEEK, or BEL - yeh

Origin of Name:

Country Code: BE

Capital: Brussels

Languages: Frisian, Flemish, French

Telephone Country Code: 32

1. Antwerpen
2. Brabant
3. Hainan
4. Limburg
5. Luxembourg (Little Fortress)
6. Namur
7. Oost Vlaanderen (East Flanders)
8. Vlaanderen (Flanders)

FRANCE

English Language Name: France

Origin of Name: After the Franks (Frankish people)

Pronunciation: FRAHnS; the n is not an n but a nasal sound with both nasal passage and mouth open

Country Code: FR

Capital: Paris (in le de France)

Language: French (official); Basque is spoken some in the southwest, and Breton is spoken some in Bretagne (northwest)

Currency: French Franc

Telephone Country Code: 33

Traditional French departments (provinces) have been reorganized into regions, which is how they are organized here.

Regions et departments:

1. Alsace
   1. Bas-Rhin: Strasbourg
   2. Haut-Rhin: Colmar
2. Aquitaine
   1. Dordogne: Périgueux
   2. Gironde: Bordeaux
   3. Landes: Mont-de-Marsan
   4. Lot-et-Garonne: Agen
   5. Pyrénées-Atlantiques: Pau
3. Auvergne
   1. Allier: Moulins
   2. Cantal: Aurillac
   3. Haute-Loire: Le Puy
   4. Puy-de-Dôme: Clermont-Ferrand
4. Basse Normandie (Lower Normandy)
   1. Calvados: Caen
   2. Manche: Saint-Lô
   3. Orne: Alençon
5. Bretagne (Brittany)
   1. Côtes-du-Nord: Saint-Brieuc
   2. Finistère: Quimper
   3. Ille-et-Vilaine: Rennes
   4. Morbihan: Vannes
6. Bourgogne (Burgundy)
   1. Cote d'Or: Dijon
   2. Nièvre: Nevers
   3. Saône-et-Loire: Maçon
   4. Yonne: Auxerre
7. Centre
   1. Cher: Bourges
   2. Eure-et-Loire: Chartres
   3. Indre: Châteauroux
   4. Indre-et-Loire: Tours
   5. Loiret: Orléans
   6. Loir-et-Cher: Blois
8. Champagne-Ardenne
   1. Ardennes: Charleville-M‚zières
   2. Aube: Troyes
   3. Haute-Marne: Chaumont
   4. Marne: Châlons-sur-Marne
9. Corse (Corsica)
   1. Haute-Corse: Bastia
   2. Corse-du-Sud: Ajaccio
10. Franche-Compté
    1. Doubs: Besan‡on
    2. Haute-Sa“ne: Vesoul
    3. Jura: Lons-le-Saunier
11. Haute Normandie (Upper Normandy)
    1. Eure: Evreaux
    2. Seine-Maritime: Rouen
12. Île de France (Island of France)
    1. Essone: Evry
    2. Hauts-de-Seine: Nanterre
    3. Seine-et-Marne: Melun
    4. Seine-St. Denis: Bobigny
    5. Val-de-Marne: Créteil
    6. Val-d'Oise: Pontoise
    7. Ville de Paris: Paris
    8. Yvelines: Versailles
13. Languedoc-Rousillon
    1. Aude: Carcassonne
    2. Gard: NŒmes
    3. Hérault: Montpelier
    4. Lozère: Mende
    5. Pyrenées-Orientales: Perpignan
14. Limousin
    1. Corrèze: Tulle
    2. Creuse: Guéret
    3. Haute-Vienne: Limoges
15. Lorraine
    1. Meurth-et-Moselle: Nancy
    2. Meuse: Bar-le-Duc
    3. Moselle: Metz
    4. Vosges: Épinal
16. Midi-Pyrénées
    1. Ariège: Foi
    2. Aveyron: Rodez
    3. Gers: Auch
    4. Haute-Garonne: Toulouse
    5. Hautes-Pyrénées: Tarbes
    6. Lot: Cahors
    7. Tarn-et-Garonne: Montauban
17. Nord Pas-de-Calais
    1. Nord: Lille
    2. Pas-de-Calais: Arras
18. Pays de la Loire
    1. Loire-Atlantique: Nantes
    2. Maine-et-Loire: Angers
    3. Mayenne: Laval
    4. Sarthe: Le Mans
    5. Vendée: La Roche-sur-Yon
19. Picardie
    1. Aisne: Laon
    2. Oise: Beauvais
    3. Somme: Armiens
20. Poitou-Charentes
    1. Charente: Angoulême
    2. Charente-Maritime: La Rochelle
    3. Deux-Sevres: Niort
    4. Vienne: Poitiers
21. Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
    1. Alpe-Maritimes
    2. Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: Digne
    3. Bouches du Rhône: Marseille
    4. Hautes-Alpes: Gap
    5. Var: Toulon
    6. Vaucluse: Avignon
22. Rhône-Alpes
    1. Ain: Bourg-en-Bresse
    2. Ardeche: Privas
    3. Drôme: Valence
    4. Haute-Savoie: Annecy
    5. Isère: Grenoble
    6. Loire: St.-Étienne
    7. Savoie: Chambéry

?Autres Departments:

1. Belfort, Territoire de: Belfort
2. Rhône: Lyon
3. Tarn: Albi

ANDORRA

Official Name: Valls d'Andorra

English Language Name: Andorra

Origin of Name:

Country Code: AD

Capital: Andorra

Telephone Country Code: 376

Located in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain, one of the world's smallest nations

LUXEMBOURG

English Language Name: Luxembourg

Part of Benelux, which also includes Belgium and Nederland

Pronunciation: LOOX - em - boorg

Origin of Name: Named after capital

Country Code: LU

Capital: Luxembourg

Origin of Capital Name: German for "Little Fortress"

Language: German

Telephone Country Code: 352

DEUTSCHLAND

Official Name: Bündesrepublik Deutschland

English Language Name: Germany; French: Allemagne; Spanish: Allemand

Origin of Name: Democratic Republic of the Land of the Deutsch

Country Code: DE

Capital: Berlin (was Bonn while the nation was divided into East and West)

Origin of Capital Name:

Telephone Country Code: 49

Language: Deutsch (German)

Cities:

1. Berlin
2. Bremen
3. Hamburg

Divisions:

1. Baden-Württemberg: Stüttgart
2. Bayern (Bavaria): München
3. Brandenburg: Frankfurt (a different city than Frankfurt-am-Main)
4. Hessen (Hessia): Wiesbaden
5. Mecklenburg: Schwenn
6. Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony): Hannover
7. Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Wastfalia): Düsseldorf
8. Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate): Mainz
9. Saarland: Saarbrücken
10. Sachsen
11. Schleswig-Holstein (formerly part of Danmark): Hamburg
12. Thuringia: Suhl

SCHWEISS/SUISSE

English Language Name: Switzerland; also used is the Latin name, Helvetia

Pronunciation: Schweiss (German): shvice; Suisse (French): sweece;

Origin of Name: From the city/canton of Schwyz

Country Code: CH

Capital: Berne

Origin of Capital Name: From the Old German "Bero," meaning bear

Official Languages: German, Italian, French, and Romansch

Telephone Country Code: 41

Cantons:

1. Aargau
2. Apenzell-Ausser Rhoden
3. Basel-Land
4. Bern
5. Fribourg
6. Geneva
7. Glarus
8. Graubunden
9. Jura (YOO - rah)
10. Luzern
11. Neuchatel (French for "New Castle">
12. Nidwalden
13. Obwalden
14. St. Gallen (named after the Celtic Roman Catholic St. Gill)
15. Schaffhausen
16. Schwyt
17. Solothurn
18. Thurgau
19. Ticino
20. Uri
21. Valais
22. Vaud
23. Z�rich

LIECHTENSTEIN

Pronunciation: LEESH - ten - stine; the "sh" is the soft German ch, sort of intermediate between sh and h

Origin of Name: Same as for the capital

Country Code: LI

Capital: Liechtenstein

Origin of Capital Name:

Telephone Country Code: 423

ÖSTERREICH

English Language Name: Austria

Pronunciation: ER stur rike; actually not "er", but a very short "o"; the ch may be a k or a hard h

Origin of Name: German for "Eastern State"

Country Code: AT

Capital: Wien (Vienna)

Language: Deutsch (German)

Telephone Country Code: 43

Reiche:

1. Burgenland
2. Karnten
3. Niederösterreich (Lower Eastern State)
4. Oberösterreich (Upper Eastern State)
5. Salzburg
6. Steiermark
7. Tirol
8. Voralberg

PORTUGAL

Origin of Name: Originally Portus Cale, an ancient settlement on the northern coast that is now called Oporto.

Country Code: PT

Capital: Lisboa

English Language Name for Capital: Lisbon

Origin of Capital Name: From the Moorish name Lixbuna, after an ancient Roman citadel there. Legend is that the name was originally Olisipo; the origin of this name is obscure. One theory is that this name commemorates Ulysses. However, the original Roman name for the settlement was Felicitas Julia (feh - lee - KEE - tahs - YOO - lee - ah).

Language: Portuguese

Telephone Country Code: 351

The ancient provinces were Alentejo, Algarve, Beira, Estremadura, Minho, and Trás - os - Montes; these were divided into the more recent provinces, listed below.

Traditional Provinces:

1. Alto Alentejo (Upper Alentejo; now Évora)
2. Algarve (from Arabic "al-Gharb," meaning "the west"; now Faro)
3. Baixo Alentejo (Lower Alentejo; now Beja)
4. Beira Alta (Upper Beira; now divided between Guarda and Viseu)
5. Beira Baixa (Lower Beira; now mostly Castelo Branco)
6. Beira Litoral (Coastal Beira; now divided into Aveiro and parts of Coimbra and Leiria)
7. Estremadura (from the Latin "Terra Extrema et Dura," or "Farthest and Hard Land," name given to areas forming the frontiers of Roman Christian land bordering the enemy Moorish lands; this province now is distributed between parts of Leiria, Lisboa, and Setúbal)
8. Minho (after the Minho River; also known as "Aquem-os-Montes"; now divided between Viana do Castelo and Braga)
9. Ribatejo (now Santarém)
10. Trás - os - Montes (also known as "Trás - os - Montes e Alto Douro"; means "Beyond the Mountains"; now divided between Braganza and Vila Real)

Administrative Districts:

1. Aveiro
2. Beja
3. Braga
4. Braganza
5. Castelo Branco
6. Coimbra
7. Évora
8. Faro
9. Guarda
10. Leiría
11. Lisboa
12. Oporto
13. Portalegre
14. Santarém
15. Setúbal
16. Viana do Castelo
17. Vila Real
18. Viseu

Territories and Islands:

1. Azores

ESPAÑA

Pronunciation: es - PAHN - yah

English Language Name: Spain

Origin of Name: From the Roman name Hispania

Language: Castillian Spanish, with Catalonian and Basque important in small areas

Capital: Madrid

Origin of Capital Name: From the old Moorish name for the city, Majrít

Telephone Country Code: 34

Regions and divisions:

1. Andalucia (An - dahl - LOOTH - yah); Capital: Sevilla
   1. Almería
   2. Cadiz
   3. Córdoba
   4. Granada
   5. Huelva
   6. Jaén
   7. Málaga
   8. Sevilla
2. Aragón; Capital: Zaragoza
   1. Huesca
   2. Teruel
   3. Zaragoza
3. Asturias (ahs - TOOR - yas); Capital: Oviedo
4. Cantabria; Capital: Santander
5. Castilla la Manche (kah - STEEL - yah la MAHN - cheh or kah - STEE - yah la MAHN - cheh); Capital: Toledo
   1. Albacete
   2. Ciudad Real
   3. Cuenca
   4. Guadalajara
   5. Toledo
6. Castilla y León (kah - STEEL - yah ee lay - OHN or kah - STEE - yah ee lay - OHN)); Capital: Valladolid
   1. Ávila
   2. Burgos
   3. León
   4. Palencia
   5. Salamanca
   6. Segovia
   7. Soria
   8. Valladolid
   9. Zamora
7. Cataluña (Kah - tah - LOON - yah); Capital: Barcelona
   1. Barcelona
   2. Girona
   3. L‚rida
   4. Tarragona
8. Extremadura (ehs - TRAIM - a - Doo - rah; from the Latin "Terra Extrema et Dura," or "Farthest and Hard Land," name given to areas forming the frontiers of Roman Christian land bordering the enemy Moorish lands); Capital: M‚rida
   1. Badajoz
   2. Cáceres
   3. Mérida
9. Galicia (gah - LEETH - yah); Capital: Santiago de Campostela
   1. La Coruña (A Coruña)
   2. Lugo
   3. Orense (Ourense)
   4. Pontevedra
10. Islas Baleares (EES - lahs bahl - ee - YAH - rehs)
    1. Ibiza (ee - BEESE - ah)
    2. Mallorca (mahl - YOR - kah or my - YOR - kah)
    3. Menorca (meh - NOR - kah)
11. Madrid; Capital: Madrid
12. Murcia (MURTH - yah); Capital: Murcia
13. Navarra; Capital: Pamplona
14. País Vasco (Basque Country); Capital: Vitoria-Gasteiz
    1. Álava (Vitoria-Gasteiz)
    2. Guipúzcoa (Donostia-San Sebastian)
    3. Vizcaya (Bilbao)
15. La Rioja (la ree - YO - ha); Capital: Logroño
16. Valencia (bahl - LENTH - yah); Capital: Valencia
    1. Alicante
    2. Castellón de la Plana
    3. Valencia

MONACO

Origin of Name:

Country Code: MC

Capital: Monaco

Languages: French, English

Telephone Country Code: 377

ITALIA

English Language Name: Italy

Formerly the Roman Empire; later the Two Sicilies + Papal States

Origin of Name:

Country Code: IT

Capital: La Roma (Rome)

Origin of Capital Name:

Language: Italian

Telephone Country Code: 39

Stati:

1. Ambruzzo; Capital: L'Aquila
   1. L'Aquila
   2. Chieti
   3. Pescara
   4. Teramo
2. Basilicata; Capital: Potenza
   1. Matera
   2. Potenza
3. Calabria; Capital: Catanzaro
   1. Catanzaro
   2. Cosenza la Sila
   3. Crotone
   4. Reggio di Calabria
   5. Vibo Valentia
4. Campania; Capital: Napoli
   1. Avellino
   2. Benevento
   3. Caserta
   4. Napoli
5. Emilia-Romagna; Capital: Bologna
   1. Bologna
   2. Ferrarra
   3. Forli
   4. Modena
   5. Parma
   6. Piacenza
   7. Ravenna
   8. Reggio nell'Emilia
   9. Rimini
6. Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Capital: Trieste
   1. Gorizia
   2. Pordenone
   3. Trieste
   4. Udine
7. Lazio; Capital: Roma
   1. Frosinone
   2. Latina
   3. Rieti
   4. Roma
   5. Viterbo
8. Liguria; Capital: Genova
   1. Genova
   2. Imperia
   3. Savona
   4. La Spezia
9. Lombardia; Capital: Milano
   1. Bergamo
   2. Brescia
   3. Como
   4. Cremona
   5. Lecco
   6. Lodi
   7. Mantova
   8. Milano
   9. Pavia
   10. Sondrio
   11. Varese
10. Marche; Capital: Ancona
    1. Ancona
    2. Ascoli Piceno
    3. Macerata
    4. Pesaro e Urbino
11. Molise; Capital: Campobasso
    1. Campobasso
    2. Isernia
12. Piemonte; Capital: Torino
    1. Alessandria
    2. Asti
    3. Biella
    4. Cuneo
    5. Novara
    6. Torino
    7. Valle d'Aosta
    8. Verbano-Casio Ossola
    9. Vercelli
13. Puglia; Capital: Bari
    1. Bari
    2. Brindisi
    3. Foggia
    4. Lecce
    5. Taranto
14. Sardegna; Capital: Cagliari
    1. Cagliari
    2. Nuoro
    3. Oristano
    4. Sassari
15. Sicilia (Sicily); Capital: Palermo
    1. Agrigento
    2. Caltanissetta
    3. Catania
    4. Messina
    5. Palermo
    6. Ragusa
    7. Siracusa
    8. Trapani
16. Trentino-Alto Adige; Capital: Bolzano
    1. Bolzano
    2. Tento
17. Tuscana; Capital: Firenze
    1. Arezzo
    2. Brosseto
    3. Firenze
    4. Livorno
    5. Lucca
    6. Massa e Carrara
    7. Pisa
    8. Pistoia
    9. Prato
    10. Siena
18. Umbria; Capital: Perugia
    1. Perugia
    2. Terni
19. Veneto; Capital: Venezia
    1. Padova
    2. Rovigo
    3. Treviso
    4. Venezia
    5. Verona
    6. Vicenza

SAN MARINO

Completely enclosed by Italy

Origin of Name:

Country Code: SM

Capital:

Origin of Capital Name:

Language:

Telephone Country Code: 378

MALTA

Origin of Name:

Country Code: MT

Capital:

Origin of Capital Name:

Language:

Telephone Country Code: 356

Islands:

1. Gozo (Ghawdex)
2. Malta

KUPROS

English Language Name: Cyprus

Origin of Name:

Country Code: CY

Capital:

Origin of Capital Name:

Languages: Greek and Turk

Currency: Kupros Pound; CYP

Telephone Country Code: 357

CITTÁ VATICANO

English Language Name: Vatican City

Completely within the City of Rome

Country Code: VA

Capital: Vatican City (which is the entire state)

Official Language: Latin

Telephone Country Code: 379

HELLAS

Greek Spelling:

English Language Name: Greece

Origin of Name:

Capital: Athena

Origin of Capital Name: After the goddess of wisdom, Pallas Athena

Official Language: Greek

Telephone Country Code: 30

Divisions:

1. à î à å (Agaion Pelagos)
2. ç à (Etolia)
3. ãî å (Ipiros)
4. à ãà î à å (Karpathion Pelagos)
5. ç î à å (Kritikon Pelagos)
6. à îë à (Makedonia, "Macedonia")
7. ç î à å (Myrtoon Pelagos)
8. î îã å (Peloponnisos)
9. ë å (Pindos)
10. éîå à à (Thessalia)
11. é à à (Thrakia)

EESTI

English Language Name: Estonia

One of three Baltic States

Pronunciation: EE - eh - stee; the first two syllables are slurred together

Origin of Name:

Country Code: EE

Capital: Tallinn

Origin of Capital Name:

Language: Eesti (Estonian, a Finno-Ugric tongue)

Telephone Country Code: 372

Divisions:

1. Harjumaa: Tallinn
2. Hiiumaa (island): Ka'ina
3. J„rvamaa: Paide
4. J”gevamaa: J”geva
5. Ida-Virumaa: J hvi
6. L„„nemaa: Haapsalu
7. L„„ne-Virumaa: Rakvere
8. P lvamaa: P lva
9. Raplamaa: Rapla
10. Saaremaa (island): Kuressaare
11. Tartumaa: Tartu
12. Valgamaa: Valga
13. Viljandimaa: Viljandi
14. V rumaa: V ru

LATVIYA

English Language Name: Latvia

One of three Baltic States

Country Code: LV

Capital: Riga

Language: Lett (Latvian)

Telephone Country Code: 371

Divisions:

1. Al ksni
2. Balvi
3. C sis
4. Daugavpils
5. Dobele
6. Gulbene
7. Jelgava
8. J rmala
9. Kr slava
10. Liep ja
11. Ludza
12. Madona
13. Saldus
14. Talsi
15. Tukums
16. Valka
17. Ventspils

LIETUVA

English Language Name: Lithuania

One of three Baltic States

Country Code: LT

Capital: Kaunas

Language: Lithuanian

Telephone Country Code: 370

Divisions: